From Empire to Republic - The Turkish War of National Liberation 1918-1923 A Documentary Study Volume I

PHOTOGRAPHS, MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONSLIST OF ABBREVIATIONSPREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPART 1: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1300-1918CHAPTER 1 THE OTTOMAN HERITAGE: DIVERSITY, INDIVIDUALISM AND DECENTRALIZATIONCHAPTER 2. EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM AND OTTOMAN REFORM,1600-1908Ottoman DeclineTraditionalistic Ottoman ReformNineteenth Century European ImperialismModern Ottoman ReformEconomic ProblemsChristian Nationalism and Christian TerrorismSultan Abdulhamid II, 1876-1909The Young Turk MovementCHAPTER 3. OTTOMAN SECULARISM AND THE GREAT WAR, 1908-19181Ottoman Constitutional Democracy, 1908-1912The Great War and the Collapse of Ottoman Constitutional Democracy,1910-1923The Albanian Revolt and the Tripolitanian War, 1910-1911The Balkan WTars Secular ReformsWorld War I;PART 2: THE ALLIED OCCUPATION, 1918-1920CHAPTER 4. THE ARMISTICE OF MONDROSThe Ottoman Military Situation in October 1918Ottoman Political Changes and Initial Efforts to Achieve PeaceThe Mondros Armistice NegotiationsThe Original British Proposals-Compared with the Final MondrosTreatyAftermath of the Agreement: Triumph and TreacheryCHAPTER 5. THE OTTOMANS AND THE ALLIED OCCUPATION ....The Ottoman GovernmentThe Allied RepresentativesIstanbul in November 1918Allied Administration and Police in IstanbulIstanbul Greeks and Armenians during the OccupationPolitics in Istanbul during the OccupationThe First Damad Ferid GovernmentParties Supporting Damad FeridHiirriyet ve Itilaf Firkasi (Liberal Union Party) Ingiliz Muhibleri Cemiyeti (Friends of England Society)Nigehban-i Askeri Cemiyeti (Society of Army Watchmen)Cemiyet-i Miiderrisin (Society of Teachers) and Teali-i Islam(Society to Advance Islam) Ilayi Vatan Cemiyeti (Exhaltation of the Nation Society) Tarikat-i Selahiye Cemiyeti/Tarik-i Salah Cemiyeti (Order ofSelah Society)The Opposition PartiesIttihad ve Terakki Firkasi (Union and Progress Party)Teceddiid Firkasi (Renewal Party) Hiirriyetpei-ver Avam Firkasi (Progressive Peoples Party) Milli Kongre (National Congress)Wilson Prensipleri Dernegi (Society for Wilsonian Principles)Milli Ahrar Firkasi (National Liberal Party)Sosyal Demokrat Firkasi (Social Democratic Party)Tiirkiye Sosyalist Firkasi (Socialist Party of Turkey)Tiirkiye Isci ve Ciftci Firkasi (Workers and Peasants Party ofTurkey)Vahdet-i Milliye Heyeti (National Unity Committee)Ottoman Istanbul and Anatolia during the Allied OccupationThe Refugee ProblemShortages of Food and FuelFamine and DiseaseFiresPublic Assistance and RemediesResettlement of Refugees and the Resulting ViolenceFinancial and Economic DifficultiesPopular Life in Occupied IstanbulFine Arts and LiteratureThe Advancement of Ottoman WomenLabor Problems, Socialist Activity, and Popular UnrestWar Crimes Accusations, Investigations, Arrests and TrialsThe Turkish Reaction to the Allied Occupauon in IstanbulThe Karakol Cemiyeti (Guard Society) Popular Protest and Resistance in IstanbulMustafa Kemal prepares to lead a Turkish national resistancePART 2: TURKISH RESISTANCE TO ALLIED OCCUPATION 1918-1920CHAPTER 6. THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE: EFFORTS TOPARTITION THE OTTOMAN EMPIREConflicting Claims in Eastern AnatoliaArmenian claimsKurdish claimsConflicting Claims in Western AnatoliaGreek claimsItalian claimsRussian claimsBritish claimsAllied Discussions and Proposals and Ottoman ResponsesThe King-Crane CommissionThe Harbord CommissionThe First London ConferenceCHAPTER 7. OCCUPATION AND INVASIONThe Greek Invasion and Turkish Resistance in ThraceThe Greek Invasion of Izmir and Western AnatoliaGreek Preparations and Plotting: The Propaganda of HysteriaThe Turkish ReactionPreparations for InvasionThe Allied DecisionThe Greek InvasionGreek Atrocities and Allied CondemnationExpansion of the Greek Occupation ZoneGreek Government in IzmirGreek Efforts to Create a Pontus State in Northern AnatoliaThe French Occupation of Zonguldak and the Black Sea CoastThe Italian Occupation of South Central AnatoliaThe Turkish ResistanceProtest MeetingsAssembly of the SultanateTurkish Armed Resistance: Defense of Rights Societies and theTurkish National ForcesCHAPTER 8. UNIFICATION OF THE TURKISH NATIONAL RESISTANCEMustafa Kemal takes the LeadThe Amasya CircularThe Erzurum Congress, July 23-August 7, 1919The Sivas Congress, September 4-September 11, 1919Aftermath of the Sivas CongressTurkish Opposition to the Turkish NationalistsThe Ahmed Anzavur RevoltsThe Kurdish DilemmaCHAPTER 9. FROM ISTANBUL TO ANKARA: EMERGENCE OF THE NEWTURKEYThe Ali Riza Government in IstanbulEfforts to Reconcile Istanbul and die Kemalists: The Amasya Conferenceand its AftermamThe Ottoman Parliamentary Elecdons of 1919Emergence of die Ankara GovernmentThe Last Ottoman Chamber of Deputies meets in IstanbulThe Second Allied Occupation of IstanbulSupport for the Turks from India and EnglandDamad Ferid Pa§a and the Last Ottoman ParliamentCHAPTER 10. THE FRENCli OCCUPATION OF SOUTHEASTERNANATOLIA:The Initial British occupation of CiliciaThe French OccupationThe Armenian LegionTurkish Militias in Southeastern Anatolia: The Turkish ResistanceThe Siege of Maras,Turkish-French NegotiationsCHAPTER 11. THE RUSSIAN ALLIANCE, BOLSHEVISM AND THESOUTHERN CAUCASUSConflict in Northeastern AnatoliaTurkish Resistance at TrabzonInitial Relations with the Russian Bolsheviks: War and Peace in dieCaucasusEnver Pa§a Joins the BolsheviksThe Bolsheviks and IslamThe Rise of Mustafa SuphiVOLUME 3: FROM TURKISH RESISTANCE TO TURKISH WAR FOR LIBERATION, 1920-1922-PART 1CHAPTER 12. THE TURKISH REVOLUTIONCreation of the Grand National Assembly in AnkaraThe Government of the Grand National Assembly, 1920-1923The Cabinet and the ExecutiveThe National Army and Ministry of National DefenseJustice and SecurityThe Independence CourtsRestrictions on Individual FreedomsEconomic and Financial PoliciesAgricultureSocial ProgramsEducationCare for RefugeesHealthLaborConservatism in AnkaraIntelligence Services The Hamza / Fellah GroupThe National Defense Group (Mim-Mim)The Military Manufacturing GroupThe Naval Assistance GroupSmuggling of Arms and People to AnatoliaThe Military Police Organization and Investigation CommitteeCommandLife in Ankara during the War of National LiberationWomen in the Turkish Resistance MovementPostal and Telegraphic CommunicationRoads and RailroadsPolitical Parties and Political Action in Anatolia during the Turkish Warof National LiberationThe Green Army SocietyThe Popular FrontThe Communist Party of TurkeyThe Turkish Communist Party at BakuThe Peoples Communist Party of TurkeyThe Kurdish Dilemma RevisitedCHAPTER 13. CONFERENCES AND CONFLICTS: SAN REMO TOLONDONThe San Remo ConferenceThe Conference and Treaty of SevresThe Fighting Fronts: The Greek Occupation of Thrace and the TurkishResistanceThe Fighting Fronts: Western Anatolia after die Treaty of SevresThe Fall of Venizelos. Return of King Constantine to GreeceEnd of the Turkish National Forces: The Turkish Western Front Armyrevitalized by Ismet Pa§aThe New Greek Offensive in AnatoliaThe Third London Conference: Turkish Treaties with the AlliesCHAPTER 14. AFTERMATH OF THE CONFERENCESThe Political Aftermadi in Ankara: Defeat of die Treaties with France andItalyAftermadi in Anatolia: Resumption of die WarSecond Batde of the Inonii: The First Turkish VictoryThe Greek Atrocides Revisited: The International Reports Come InThe End of Allied Military Assistance to GreeceThe Constantinople Committee Meeting in LondonThe Climactic Greek Offensive in Anatolia: Towards the Sakarya andAnkaraReaction in Ankara: The Dark MomentThe Battle of the SakaryaVOLUME 3: FROM TURKISH RESISTANCE TO TURKISH WAR OF NATIONAL LIBERATION, 1920-1922, PART 2CHAPTER 15. AFTERMATH OF THE BATTLE OF THE SAKARYAThe Political Aftermath in AnkaraThe Anatolia and Rumeli Defense of Rights GroupThe Second Group and the OppositionThe Aftermath in Istanbul: Open Support for the NationalistsThe Diplomatic Aftermath: Changing Relations with the PowersPeace with France: End to the War in CiliciaThe Siege of Antep, April 1, 1920-February 11, 1921Turkish-French Negotiations ResumeThe Treaty of Ankara, October 20, 1921Liberation of CiliciaItalian Assistance to the Turkish NationalistsThe Military Aftermath: War in the Caucasus. Changing Relations withSoviet RussiaAgreements with RussiaWar and Peace widi ArmeniaThe Treaty of Alexandropol, December 2, 1920The Baku Congress of the Peoples of the East, September 1-7, 1920Enver Pa§a and die BolsheviksThe Mysterious Deadi of Mustafa SuphiThe Treaty of Moscow, March 16, 1921Changing Relations widi RussiaNew Boy on the Block: The United States of America enters diePicture European Diplomatic ManeuversThe Military Aftermadi: The Western FrontDeterioration of the Greek Political and Military PositionRebuilding the Turkish ArmyVOLUME 4: FINAL VICTORY: EMERGENCE OF THE TURKISHREPOBUC, 1922-1923CHAPTER 16. THE GREAT OFFENSIVE AND THE ARMISTICE OFMUDANYA.The Great Offensive and the Greek CollapseThe Turkish Reconquest of IzmirLife Returns to Normal in Izmir and Western AnatoliaTheCanakkale CrisisRevolution in AthensThe Mudanya Conference and ArmisticeFulfilling the Armistice Agreement in ThraceRefet Bele in IstanbulCHAPTER 17. THE CONFERENCE AND TREATY OF LAUSANNEThe InvitationsAbolition of the Ottoman SultanateThe PreparationsThe NegotiationsThe Conference AdjournsNegotiations Resume: The Treaty of LausanneEstablishment of the Turkish RepublicVOLUME 5: BIBUOGRAPHY, APPENDICES, AND INDEXNOTE ON THE SOURCESBIBLIOGRAPHYCONTEMPORARY NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALSAPPENDIX 1. THE ISTANBUL MINISTERS, 1918-1923APPENDIX 2. THE ANKARA MINISTERS, 1920-1923APPENDIX 3. ENEMY OCCUPATION OF IMPORTANT TURKISH CITIES,1912-1922INDEX, BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, SUBJECT SUMMARIES ANDCHRONOLOGY

PHOTOGRAPHS, MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONSLIST OF ABBREVIATIONSPREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPART 1: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1300-1918CHAPTER 1 THE OTTOMAN HERITAGE: DIVERSITY, INDIVIDUALISM AND DECENTRALIZATIONCHAPTER 2. EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM AND OTTOMAN REFORM,1600-1908Ottoman DeclineTraditionalistic Ottoman ReformNineteenth Century European ImperialismModern Ottoman ReformEconomic ProblemsChristian Nationalism and Christian TerrorismSultan Abdulhamid II, 1876-1909The Young Turk MovementCHAPTER 3. OTTOMAN SECULARISM AND THE GREAT WAR, 1908-19181Ottoman Constitutional Democracy, 1908-1912The Great War and the Collapse of Ottoman Constitutional Democracy,1910-1923The Albanian Revolt and the Tripolitanian War, 1910-1911The Balkan WTars Secular ReformsWorld War I;PART 2: THE ALLIED OCCUPATION, 1918-1920CHAPTER 4. THE ARMISTICE OF MONDROSThe Ottoman Military Situation in October 1918Ottoman Political Changes and Initial Efforts to Achieve PeaceThe Mondros Armistice NegotiationsThe Original British Proposals-Compared with the Final MondrosTreatyAftermath of the Agreement: Triumph and TreacheryCHAPTER 5. THE OTTOMANS AND THE ALLIED OCCUPATION ....The Ottoman GovernmentThe Allied RepresentativesIstanbul in November 1918Allied Administration and Police in IstanbulIstanbul Greeks and Armenians during the OccupationPolitics in Istanbul during the OccupationThe First Damad Ferid GovernmentParties Supporting Damad FeridHiirriyet ve Itilaf Firkasi (Liberal Union Party) Ingiliz... tümünü göster